A traction battery, also known as an electric vehicle (EV) battery, is a rechargeable battery specifically designed to power vehicles. These batteries are widely used in electric cars, electric scooters, electric bicycles, and other electric vehicles.

A traction battery uses chemical reactions to store and deliver electrical energy. Typically, these batteries are made up of multiple cells that are connected together. Each cell contains positive and negative electrodes, which are separated by an electrolyte. Common types of traction batteries include lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lead-acid batteries.

When charging a traction battery, external electrical energy is used to reverse the chemical reactions in the battery. This restores the electrodes to their original state and allows the battery to store energy. This charging usually occurs by connecting the vehicle to a charging station or an electrical outlet.

When the vehicle is in use, the stored energy in the traction battery is used to power the electric motor, which in turn drives the vehicle. The energy is released through chemical reactions in the battery, where electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode via an external circuit.

The performance of a traction battery is measured using various characteristics such as capacity (expressed in kilowatt-hours), charging rate, discharging rate, and lifespan. The development of traction batteries has advanced significantly in recent years, enabling electric vehicles to offer longer ranges and better performance.

The maintenance of a traction battery typically includes regular charging cycles, avoiding complete discharge, and protecting the battery from extreme temperatures. Additionally, there are specific recycling programs for traction batteries to ensure they are disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner at the end of their life.